{
  "checked_at": "2026-10-18",
  "sources": {
    "AMA": {
      "publisher": "American Medical Association",
      "title": "2025 Prior Authorization Physician Survey release",
      "date": "2026-05-13",
      "period": "2025 survey",
      "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/05/13/3294164/0/en/AMA-Survey-Prior-Authorization-Reform.html",
      "method": "Issuer press release. Survey of 1,000 practicing physicians. Self-reported experiences, not a claims audit.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KFFPA24": {
      "publisher": "KFF",
      "title": "Medicare Advantage insurers made nearly 53 million prior authorization determinations in 2024",
      "date": "2026",
      "period": "2024",
      "url": "https://www.kff.org/medicare/medicare-advantage-insurers-made-nearly-53-million-prior-authorization-determinations-in-2024/",
      "method": "Analysis of CMS contract-level reporting. Withdrawn or dismissed requests excluded. Appeal results concern selected appealed cases.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KFFPA25": {
      "publisher": "KFF",
      "title": "Prior authorization metrics provide new insights into insurer practices but gaps remain",
      "date": "2026-08-13",
      "period": "2025",
      "url": "https://www.kff.org/patient-consumer-protections/prior-authorization-metrics-provide-new-insights-into-insurer-practices-but-gaps-remain/",
      "method": "Analysis of public reports from 14 unique large insurers across three markets. About 71 million enrollees represented. Market averages and request types are source-defined. Market averages are weighted by enrollment within each insurance market.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KFFPOLL": {
      "publisher": "KFF",
      "title": "Prior authorizations rank as the public\u2019s biggest burden when getting health care",
      "date": "2026-02-02",
      "period": "2026-01-13 to 2026-01-20",
      "url": "https://www.kff.org/public-opinion/kff-health-tracking-poll-prior-authorizations-rank-as-publics-biggest-burden-when-getting-health-care/",
      "method": "National adult poll. Reported percentages used here refer to insured adults or the stated chronic-condition subgroup.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "CMS": {
      "publisher": "CMS",
      "title": "CMS Interoperability and Prior Authorization Final Rule CMS 0057 F fact sheet",
      "date": "2024-01-17",
      "period": "Operational provisions generally 2026 and APIs generally 2027",
      "url": "https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/cms-interoperability-prior-authorization-final-rule-cms-0057-f",
      "method": "Official rule summary. Payer-specific scope matters. Drugs excluded from the cited prior authorization provisions. FFE QHP issuers excluded from the stated decision-timeframe provision.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "CMSCURRENT": {
      "publisher": "CMS",
      "title": "Current CMS 0057 F implementation page",
      "date": "2026-10-08 page update",
      "period": "2026 to 2027 implementation",
      "url": "https://www.cms.gov/initiatives/burden-reduction/overview/interoperability/policies-regulations/cms-interoperability-prior-authorization-final-rule-cms-0057-f",
      "method": "Current official implementation page checked on 2026-10-18. Proposed rules are not treated as final requirements.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "MGMA": {
      "publisher": "MGMA",
      "title": "Days in AR holds steady for most practices but payer pressure persists in 2026",
      "date": "2026-07-30",
      "period": "Benchmark summary across the preceding four years",
      "url": "https://www.mgma.com/mgma-stat/days-in-a/r-holds-steady-for-most-practices-but-payer-pressure-persists-in-2026",
      "method": "Public MGMA benchmark commentary. Detailed benchmark sample is not supplied in the quoted passage. Do not treat the article poll sample as the denial benchmark sample.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KODIAK26": {
      "publisher": "Kodiak Solutions",
      "title": "Falling claim denial rates fail to drive better financial performance",
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "period": "First half 2025 compared with first half 2026",
      "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260915724994/en/Falling-Rates-of-Insurance-Claim-Denials-Fail-to-Drive-Better-Financial-Performance-for-Hospitals-Health-Systems-and-Medical-Practices-According-to-a-Kodiak-Solutions-Analysis",
      "method": "Issuer release about proprietary platform analysis covering more than 2,300 hospitals and 375,000 physicians. Takeback and recovery figures use accounts receivable as denominator. Not a representative national sample.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KODIAK25": {
      "publisher": "Kodiak Solutions",
      "title": "Net revenue losses from final denials and bad debt grew in 2025",
      "date": "2026-03-31",
      "period": "2024 compared with 2025",
      "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260331038554/en/Healthcare-Provider-Organizations-Saw-Net-Revenue-Losses-From-Final-Denials-and-Bad-Debt-Grow-by-25-in-2025-According-to-Kodiak-Solutions-Proprietary-Data",
      "method": "Platform-based provider analysis. More than $48 billion includes final denials AND uncollected patient amounts. Never label this as denial-only national loss.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KODIAK24": {
      "publisher": "Kodiak Solutions",
      "title": "Initial denials continued to rise in 2024",
      "date": "2025-05-21",
      "period": "2024",
      "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250521892947/en/Rate-of-initial-denials-of-medical-insurance-claims-continued-to-rise-in-2024-Kodiak-Solutions-proprietary-data-show",
      "method": "Issuer release, more than 2,100 hospitals and 300,000 practice-based physicians. Historical initial claim denial observation, not a 2026 national rate.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "EXPERIAN26": {
      "publisher": "Experian Health",
      "title": "Claims denial management survey a front end data quality story",
      "date": "2026",
      "period": "January to February 2026",
      "url": "https://www.experian.com/content/dam/marketing/na/healthcare/articles/eh_claim_denial_infographic_final.pdf",
      "method": "Survey of 200 healthcare leaders. Original PDF visually inspected. Cause percentages are respondents identifying causes, not shares of denied claims. Responses may overlap.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "EXPERIAN25": {
      "publisher": "Experian Health",
      "title": "2025 State of Claims survey release",
      "date": "2025-09-22",
      "period": "June to July 2025",
      "url": "https://www.experianplc.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/experian-health-s-3rd-annual-state-of-claims-survey-finds-denial",
      "method": "Survey of 250 healthcare professionals. Different sample and rate bands from the 2026 front-end survey; not a matched longitudinal panel.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "KFFCLAIMS": {
      "publisher": "KFF",
      "title": "Claims denials and appeals in ACA Marketplace plans in 2024",
      "date": "2026-03-24",
      "period": "2024 post-service claims",
      "url": "https://www.kff.org/patient-consumer-protections/claims-denials-and-appeals-in-aca-marketplace-plans-in-2024/",
      "method": "CMS transparency data for HealthCare.gov QHPs. Medical and prescription drug claims after service. Does not cover all insurance or prior authorization requests.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "PREMIER": {
      "publisher": "Premier",
      "title": "Claims adjudication costs providers 25.7 billion dollars",
      "date": "2025-02-24",
      "period": "2023 claims; survey fielded August 2024 to February 2025",
      "url": "https://premierinc.com/newsroom/blog/claims-adjudication-costs-providers-257-billion-18-billion-is-potentially-unnecessary-expense",
      "method": "Voluntary member survey representing 280 hospitals across 23 states. Estimates weighted by acute bed capacity. National cost is an extrapolation, not observed total spending.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "HFMA": {
      "publisher": "HFMA",
      "title": "Standardizing denial metrics for revenue cycle benchmarking and process improvement",
      "date": "Undated on inspected extract",
      "period": "Metric definitions",
      "url": "https://www.hfma.org/guidance/standardizing-denial-metrics-revenue-cycle-benchmarking-process-improvement/",
      "method": "Claim Integrity Task Force guidance. Contains sponsor disclosures. Defines metrics; does not establish a universal target denial rate.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "ACTPA": {
      "publisher": "Actigy BPO",
      "title": "Prior authorization outsourcing",
      "date": "2026-10-13",
      "period": "Current service scope",
      "url": "https://actigy.com/services/prior-authorization-outsourcing/",
      "method": "Company service description. Administrative tasks only; clinical authority retained by provider.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "ACTDEN": {
      "publisher": "Actigy BPO",
      "title": "Denial management services",
      "date": "2026-10-04",
      "period": "Current service scope",
      "url": "https://actigy.com/services/denial-management-services/",
      "method": "Company service description, not independent performance evidence.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "ACTCASE": {
      "publisher": "Actigy BPO",
      "title": "Telehealth RCM case study",
      "date": "2026-10-04 update",
      "period": "Engagement period not specified",
      "url": "https://actigy.com/case-studies/telehealth-rcm-clean-claims/",
      "method": "Anonymized company-reported combined engagement. Not independently audited. Clean-claim result cannot be attributed to denial work alone.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "GOOGLEAI": {
      "publisher": "Google Search Central",
      "title": "AI features and your website",
      "date": "Checked 2026-10-18",
      "period": "Current documentation",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ai-features",
      "method": "Official technical guidance. No special AI schema or machine-readable AI file is required.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "GOOGLETITLE": {
      "publisher": "Google Search Central",
      "title": "Influencing title links",
      "date": "Checked 2026-10-18",
      "period": "Current documentation",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/title-link",
      "method": "Titles may be rewritten or truncated by device width; no fixed character limit.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    "GOOGLESNIPPET": {
      "publisher": "Google Search Central",
      "title": "How to write meta descriptions",
      "date": "Checked 2026-10-18",
      "period": "Current documentation",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/snippet",
      "method": "Descriptions are suggestions, not guaranteed snippets; no fixed character limit.",
      "checked": "2026-10-18"
    }
  }
}